Essay - Circus cat, alley cat - 828 Words

English analysis – Circus cat, Alley cat The short story â€Å"Circus cat, alley cat† is written by Anita Desai and is on three pages. The short story is about Anna, a circus performer who becomes a nanny for an English family. Anna is performing with tigers and lions in an exciting show. The narrator is a child and has a wild imagination. When Anna is babysitting the children, the narrator often imagines that Anna cracks her whip, and controls the cats. One day Anna’s baby is taken away from her, and she leaves to get it back. In the end, the narrator is in the circus seeing her perform. During my analysis, I will focus on a description of the setting, a characterization of the narrator and Anna, a discussion of the narrative technique and†¦show more content†¦Then in the end, the narrator still sees her as â€Å"Anna the circus cat† which indicates that the narrator still is frightened of her. Anna, her real name or stage name Shakti, is a young quit big woman and, as mentioned earlier, a former cats trainer in a circus. Her look is described on page 1 line 6: â€Å"She was large and heavily built, with very black bright eyes and a lot of winey black hair†. She has been married but left her husband, because he thought she was to stay at home and then he took over her show. The English Mrs. Bates found her on the street near starvation, and then hired her as a nanny. She ends up in the circus again after the search for the baby. The children sees a as a â€Å"Anna of the circus† because of her past, but in fact she is a nice tame alley cat page 2 line 21: â€Å"No matter how hard Mrs. Bates tried to domesticate her and turn her into a tame alley cat, a nice, motherly pussy cat, Anna remained to us the â€Å"breath-taking, death defying, terror striking† Anna of the circus†. The narrative technique is often seen when the narrator describes his/hers imaginations. When the narrator describes them the words are changing and giving the children animal character, page 2 lie 9: â€Å"We would no longer walk, or run, we would prowl. We would not hop or skip, but spring and leap†. All these changes in their behavior shows that they change when they are around Anna. They become herShow MoreRelatedChildrens Literature13219 Words   |  53 Pagesanother celebrated collection of nonsense verse with comic illustrations that rejects the impulse to be morally improving or didactic. Lear specialized in the limerick although he also was skilled at writing longer poems, such as The Owl and the Pussy-cat and The Dong with a Luminous Nose, which are tinged with melancholy. Carroll and Lear are often paired as the two great writers of nonsense literature. Both authors were influenced by those anonymous comic verses known in England as nursery rhymesRead MoreRomantici sm and Modernism as Strange Bedfellows: A Fresh Look at Jack Kerouacs On the Road12240 Words   |  49 Pagesused to illustrate this—Dean Moriarty the romantic and alienated hero, the West as romantic idyll-cum- land of disillusionment, and Mexico, the last frontier of pure sky, sunshine and the spirit of the indigenous people countered with the reality of â€Å"alleys . . . with open sewersâ€Å"(300). The first subject is the protagonist, Dean Moriarty, a free-wheeling poster child of romantic heroism. Dean is the driving force out of the west, manned with a car he drives at amazing speeds, yet seemingly alwaysRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagessolvers and decision makers who prefer to deal with technical tasks and straightforward, prescribed problems rather than social or interpersonal issues. They excel at problems that have one correct answer. Multiple-choice exams are preferred over essay exams. Research has suggested that these individuals are inclined toward careers in technology, engineering, and law. In college, students with a knowing style tend to major in the physical sciences, engineering, law, and computers. In business, they

Essay on Egypt, Mesopotamia and Ancient Greek Civilizations

Michael Jones 10/5/2012 Cabrera Egypt, Mesopotamia and Ancient Greek Civilizations The Ancient Egyptians, Mesopotamia, and Greeks were some of the oldest complex societies, although similar in many aspects. Mesopotamia is located in the Fertile Crescent, land in and between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers usually known as modern day Iraq and Eastern Syria.(24) In Egypt, the Nile River creates a fertile valley which is rich in nutrients and essential to their survival. The Nile flows from Burundi, slightly south of the equator eventually traveling through Egypt and into the Mediterranean. Ancient Greece is situated very closely to Egypt so trading was easy between them. How are these three civilizations comparable and different?†¦show more content†¦Egypt, unlike Mesopotamia did not have a slave markets. Slaves were usually prisoners captured in wartimes. They could often be located in the households of Pharaohs or working in mines. This structure of Egyptian culture held similar relationships to the Greeks . Ancient Greece had a social structure that matches some of Egypt’s and Mesopotamian. Although, Ancient Greece did not have Pharaohs, they did however have an upper-class. To be a member of this class you couldn’t have a job and an individual had to possess many talents and wealth. The middle-class or Metics known as free men of foreign birth were ineligible for citizenship. They were mostly professional men merchants, contractors, manufactures, managers, tradesmen and craftsmen. The lower class was partly made of freedmen, individuals who were once slaves. These individuals could thus come up from being a slave by purchasing their freedom or anything else to being a member of the middle class. Slaves were often prisoners of war, victims of slave raids, infants rescued from exposure, and criminals. All of the social stratification connects to each other and some diversity can be seen in each society. Government in Mesopotamia was similar to modern democracies. The Sum erians in Mesopotamia elected an assembly of individuals similar to the ancient Greeks to operate the government. The kings in Sumer were elected by the assembly and as time proceeded the Lugals considered themselves to be godlike. TheyShow MoreRelatedReligion Importance949 Words   |  4 PagesLet’s discuss the importance of religion in the ancient world. Religion has played a positive or negative role in our history for a very long time. People use religion to oppress others while others use it for good. There are different communities of believers that used their religious traditions to shape and transform themselves. Religion influences people to engage more with their morals, family, and more likely to volunteer for their community. Religion also creates a practice of communicationRead More Exploring The Four Ancient Civilizations- Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Israel1009 Words   |  5 Pagesnumerous cultures, each unique in some ways while the same time having featu res in common. Mesopotamia, Egypt, Greece and Israel are all important to the history of the world because of religious, social, political and economic development. In the first civilization, both Mesopotamia and Egypt relied on a hunter-gatherer economic system, during that time, every country in the world strived on it. Mesopotamia had rich soil for agriculture, but experiences floods. For the Mesopotamians, theseRead MoreAccording to the modern researchers, the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations likely seem very1200 Words   |  5 Pagesthe modern researchers, the Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations likely seem very similar. They had cities, a relatively high standard of living, music, arts , religion, writing, and literature.They both developed at the same time . However, they differed in important and some different ways, especially in terms of culture, politics, religion, art and architecture. Also, they have the geography which is their located differently. Egypt lies on the fertile Nile River valley , and desert aroundRead MoreEssay on Compare and Contrast Egypt and Mesopotamia901 Words   |  4 PagesEgypt developed around the Nile River, while Mesopotamia developed between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Egypt and Mesopotamia grew into complex civilizations. Politically, both Egypt and Mesopotamia had a government with one main ruler, but Egypt had a centralized government with a pharaoh, while Mesopotamia had a decentralized government with a king. Socially, both civilizations were patriarchal, but Egypt was more lenient towards women while Mesopotamia was stricter. The political and socialRead MoreEgypt And Mesopotamia917 Words   |  4 PagesArchitecture in Egypt and Mesopotamia When you think about ancient architecture, what questions arise? Do you ask yourself about its history, durability, and structure? For example, Egypt is known for its pyramids, while Mesopotamia is known for its temple. Both are influential and recognizable after so many years and will continue to be for years to come, those questions come without a doubt to mind. In the following paragraphs, these questions will be answered and explainedRead MoreThe Relationship Between Mythology And History : Ancient Mesopotamia And Egypt1125 Words   |  5 Pages An analysis of the Relationship between Mythology and History: Mythology in Ancient Mesopotamia and Egypt William R Madden Western Civilization September 25, 2017â€Æ' How has history been affected by the myths of ancient cultures? Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines the word history as â€Å"a chronological record of significant events.† In contrast, Merriam-Webster defines the word mythology as â€Å"an allegorical narrative† or â€Å"a body of myths: such as: the myths dealing with the godsRead MoreSimilarities in the Artwork of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece941 Words   |  4 Pages The artworks of Mesopotamia, Ancient Egypt, the Aegean cultures, and Ancient Greece have similarities that not only reflect objects and images, but also the media, style and representation. These countries were not always wealthy, clever, creative and powerful enough to gain supplies, but they all find a way to create art with what they had. They have all influenced on each other’s cultures and belief through their artistic values and ways, ranging from the materials and tools they use, positionRead MoreThe Civilizations Of Ancient Civilization1178 Words   |  5 Pages Civilization, derived from the latin word â€Å"civis† meaning â€Å"citizen†, or simply someone who lives in a city. However, what is the difference between a group of people who live in a town and our modern concept of civilization. To find the answer to that question we can turn to the civilizations of ancient times. The beginning of civilization as we know it began in the Neolithic era. This era began with a very distinct change to the way of life, from the old way of migrating constantly to whereverRead Morehis112 r3 Ancient Civilizations and the Greek World Matrix1457 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿University of Phoenix Material Ancient Civilizations and the Greek World Matrix Complete the matrix by entering cultural, political, and economic developments that had lasting effects or that are significant of each civilization. The table includes one example. Civilization Cultural Developments Political Developments Economic Developments Mesopotamian Developed the beginnings of astronomy and mathematics Believed in many gods not just one. Emergence of Kings, exercised distinct political ratherRead MoreComparing Religious And Political Authority Of Early Civilizations1352 Words   |  6 PagesAuthority of Early Civilizations Civilization can be defined along lines of a sophisticated state of human society, whereby a high level of culture and science, as well as industry and government has been attained. This paper compares civilization in the line of authority, both in religious and political spheres among the three groups; Mesopotamia, Nile in Egypt and Indus Valley (Mahenjodaro and Harrapa) in India. Mesopotamia Political organization The name Mesopotamia is derived from a Greek word that means

The Environmental Ethics of Christians free essay sample

A paper which discusses the environmental ethics practiced by Christians. By using examples and sources from the Bible, the author of this paper shows Gods intentions for his followers on issues relating to the environment. The paper shows that Christian Environmentalists believe that the earth was given to Man as a gift with certain conditions and that Man is not fulfilling these conditions by destroying the earth and annihilating species. There are many examples in the Bible of Christianitys environmental concerns. There is a broad belief in taking care of all of Gods creations, and we, as humans are to be the caretakers. God put the responsibility of caring for the earth with man. Man is required to take care of the resources God put on earth. The Bible warns us that those who destroy the earth will be destroyed themselves. God has put man to watch over his creation and it is our commitment to do so that portrays the ideas about nature in Christian beliefs. We will write a custom essay sample on The Environmental Ethics of Christians or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page

London Olympics 2012

Introduction The following essay is on event management and it specifically looks for ways in which the event organizers of the London Olympics 2012 can make the event one of the most memorable experiences to the attending visitors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on London Olympics 2012 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Description The city of London has the privilege of hosting the event this year and it is the hope of everyone that the event organizers will provide the best experience to entire viewers. The management of the event requires shrewdness in project management and coordination of activities (Hermes, Loos and Thomas, 2008). The event presents a huge marketing benefit for the country as well as economic benefits. Marketing opportunity will come from the exhibition of the country’s products (Jones, 2001). The event will attract more than nine million visitors to London and 10, 5000 participants. Th is essay will focus on how to make the event successful. Events are occurrences that are planned or unplanned. This essay will however discuss specifically Olympics 2012 that is a mega event. A mega event is an event that has a worldwide prominence and participation (Getz, 2000). Theoretical perspectives of event management Event management is concerned with the organisation of resources such as time and human resources as well as capital to ensure that the activities take place in a timely manner and that they result in the intended outcome (Getz, 2007). When event management is viewed from that perspective, event management can then be described as organisation of activities procedurally and professionally to ensure that the occurrence has achieved the desired outcome (Goldblatt, 2005). When looking at it from this perspective it is easy to focus on the development of the activities that make a planned event successful as well as align the activities comprehensively. From a projec t, management perspective the event management has five major phases discussed below (Allen et al., 2008). The first phase is the research that involves conducting a preliminary research with an aim of obtaining information on the event scheduled to take place. It involves carrying out a feasibility study on the host city of the event (Lindlof and Taylor, 2002).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other researches from the Sydney Olympics express visitors’ dissatisfaction over proliferation of vendors and marketing throughout the event that made the experience disgusting. The visitors were interested in glamour and thrill as part of their experience (Malhotra, 2002). The visitors were of different demographics in terms of age, race, and country of origin. The feasibility study helps in identifying materials and services needed for the success of the event (Getz, 1998). Af ter conducting the feasibility study, the next step involves design. This concerns giving the visitors a memorable experience using the six D’s of experience. These are: Details of the artefacts, which are important in London experience especially in artefacts such as logos, details of the stage performance and the sporting activities. Depiction of the expected experience is also an important part of preparing the London Olympic visitors with an idea of how the real experience will be. The other experience is the exact benefits that the visitors will get. For London Olympics it is the glamour, the art, technology and infrastructure that will make it exciting. Deciding on the image or position of the event is important. The London Olympic image is yet to come out fully, but the Olympic itself is enough brands to market the sporting experience. Demonstration of the experience has been done by publicizing the event through websites and commercials that show how it will be like. Delivery of the experience is the activities done during the games such as giving visitors exciting experience in the venues and outside the venues. Delight is the visitors’ appreciation of the experience. The London Olympic organisers can obtain this by providing artefacts of the medal holders and winners as well as other memorabilia items related to the event (Gilmore and Pine, 1999). The design focuses on the creative aspect of the event and concerns the appearance and decorations that will make the place attractive and memorable. This aspect gives the event uniqueness from other events (Gilmore and Pine, 1998). The design process calls for the event organisers to work together and brainstorm ideas on the type of art and designs to use in the event (Funke, Meusburger and Wunder, 2009). The design brings the artistic aspect of event and contributes immensely to the legacy of the experience. It may involve aspects of lighting, calligraphy, painting, and the general arrangeme nt of the venue especially during the London Olympic 2012 opening and closing ceremonies which are helpful in publicizing London Olympic and entertaining visitors (Goldblatt, 1997).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on London Olympics 2012 specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The third major aspect of event management for incorporation when managing event is planning. This stage is imperative for the London Olympic 2012 in order to give the visitors and spectators a better experience. Special planning is needed like assessing the risk of the event especially due to terrorism activities. This requires specials marketing and safety measures to attract visitors. The aspect of time is imperative in ensuring that appropriate preparations that are possible before the event takes place are done (Compton et al., 2007). Time planning ensures that the preparations are timely. The other aspect of planning deals with space, which lo oks into venues. For London Olympics 2012, the venues are the Olympic stadium, the Aquatic centre, Velodrome and Handball Arena. Planning involves looking at the number of people each venue can accommodate. It also looks into the aspects of travel especially because traffic in London can be a problem during the event. The other important aspects are the decorations, and the appearance of performance stage to ensure that it is visible to all attendees of the opening and closing ceremonies. Other than planning space and time, preparation also involves budgeting for the event (Higham Hinch, 2001). The fourth aspect of event management is that of coordination of activities. It is hard for the project manager to organise the event alone (Foley, Perry and Rumpf, 1996). It involves delegation of responsibilities to trusted and capable individuals who can deliver results in the area of their expertise (Schofield and Thompson, 2002). Coordination involves communicating the arrangements and decisions made with clarity to all stakeholders in order to have a proper execution of all the activities. Coordination aspect involves staffing, as staffs execute the plan of the event (O’Toole, 2000). The final aspect of event management is that of evaluation. The organisers can learn the need to balance between marketing and experience to avoid creating distraction and displeasure to the visitors like in the case of Sydney Olympics (Smith, 2008). The other one is of providing good visitor experience as in the case of Beijing 2008, which was a successful event (Kolaja, 2011).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More To succeed in conducting evaluation it is necessary to conduct a pre event survey on the expectation of the attendees and post event survey on the satisfaction of the attendees (Gold, 1958). This helps to evaluate areas that need improvement in future (Malhotra, 2002). How to make London Olympics memorable To make the London Olympics 2012 a success it is necessary to explore factors of event management that culminate into its success. These factors contribute immensely to the success or failure of an event. Timing The first factor is the timing of the event. This regards whether people will be available or not. In the case of London Olympics, the event will take place from July 27th to 12th August 2012 and Paralympics from 29th August to 9th September 2012 (Parry and Shone, 2011). Finance planning Currently the organisers of the London Olympics 2012 are working on an estimated budget of  £9 billion. Most of this cost will cater for security. The central government will meet part o f the budget. Ticket sales, broadcasting rights, and sponsorships will play a significant role in funding the budget. The visitors will certainly get value for their money through the security, and infrastructural developments in place to make their experience exciting and memorable. After creating the budget, the next step is to look for the sponsors of the event. The sponsorships are necessary in providing the necessary funds to make the event successful (Haug and Teune, 2008). The publicity and advertising costs are some of the costs incurred as part of event organisation (Arcodia and Reid, 2002). Human resources The other factor other than the finances that is critical in the preparation of the Olympics 2012 is the aspect of human resources management. The staffs includes people whose work is to provide security in the field, the venue architects, designers, the broadcasters, the caterers of the guests and tour guides to assist the attendees on travel issues (Baum and Lockstone, 2007). Proper preparation of the human resources will be imperative in making the London Olympic 2012 successful. Currently the London Olympic management team is relying on the seventy thousand volunteers to assist them in the preparations and during the game period. The game makers make the experience of the visitors better by assisting them to locate seats and locations and in movement form one venue to another (Bartholomew, 2002). Infrastructure Infrastructure development is another preparation of the London Olympic 2012. New stadiums are already in place and the state of art design of the stadiums will create a feeling of novelty and excitement to the attendees. This is a major step in giving the spectators and the visitors a good experience (Goldblatt, 2000). Infrastructure also concerns the development of the transport networks to make it possible for the visitors to travel from one destination to another. In case of London Olympics 2012, the most appropriate transport networ k will be the rail, tube and air travel for overseas visitors to transport people to the stadium. There will also be the Euro train for the European visitors who wish to travel by train. Providing additional trains to cater for the increased demand for transport in the city will greatly help in easing congestion and inconveniences during the event otherwise transport might prove to be a problem to the visitors, the measures are still not enough to address traffic issues (Deery, Hede and Jago, 2002). Technology The other factor to consider when staging the London Olympics is technology. It will apply in the communication and in broadcasting of the event across the globe. Sony has said that the event will be recorded live using HDV 1012 cameras, which are some of the highest quality cameras in the market (Smith, 2008). There will be screens in the stadiums as well as in the Olympic park. This will help the visitors in the stadiums to have a closer view of the activities. It will also enable them to watch even those events they do not have tickets for in outdoor venues such as the Olympic park. Technology is also imperative especially in monitoring the security of the venues using micro cameras. It will also apply in the transportation of the spectators from their residences to the venue (Arcodia and Robb, 2000). Technology will also apply in marketing the event especially to the locals and creating euphoria for the event using social media networks such as twitter and face book. It will also apply in mobilising and coordinating the volunteers by updating them on where the volunteer services are needed using the social media (Smith, 2008). Entertainment The other major factor in making the Olympic 2012 successful is entertainment. This matters a lot in the event organisation. Although the Olympic itself is an entertainment-sporting event, other forms of entertainment to be in use for the crowds in between the games are important. Most of the entertainments will h appen during the opening ceremony that will be attended by the Queen Elizabeth, closing ceremony and parties across the UK and concerts as part of the Cultural Olympiad. A short film is expected and entertainment from the mascots (Beaven and Laws, 2008). Security The central government will provide the security for the event and the police officers will be deployed to all the venues. G4S Company will provide security for cash collection and transport during the event. The security measures adopted for the event include screening all the attendees at the entrance of all venues to guarantee safety to all attendees, installation of micro cameras in all venues to monitor the public (Graham, 2012). It will also involve screening all users of public transports. All the accommodation facilities will apply their own security measures to ensure that there is a security for everyone (Raj, 2008). For the London Olympics the country will deploy ten thousand police officers with the assistance o f thirteen thousand military officers reinforced by naval and air forces when providing security. This is a major security operation but it is worth the efforts as it is fatal to compromise security on such an event (Hiller, 1995). It may however be a nuisance to the visitors especially due to consistent screening that may make them uncomfortable. Marketing and promotions After budgeting for the event and sourcing for the resources needed to make the event imperative the next step is marketing. The marketing event involves publicising the event and creating awareness on the advantages of attending the games. Currently the organisers of the event have a website where one can register or buy tickets. The website provides a good marketing opportunity for the event to people across the globe especially because it provides updates on what the visitors will experience during the event. The other imperative issue in the event marketing is in the design of the venues especially in matters s uch as logo and symbols used during the event. The colours and symbols are of importance in making an event memorable to all the visitors. The logo colours in magenta, green and orange displays will be used in the London Olympics (Lee, 2005). The Olympic 2012 presents a marketing opportunity for the London’s merchandise especially on memorabilia articles such as coinage and paintings. It presents a tourism opportunity for the country to display its tourist attraction sites (Harris and Jago, 1999). The other aspect of creating a memorable event relates to having appropriate measures for guest relations. The visitor relations involve activities such as recognition of the VIPs, people with disability, and other guests (Allen et al., 2008). According the guests appropriate welcome is very important (Neale, 2000). Training the staff on how to handle guests, deploying interpreters and guides to assist the guests will go a long way in making the event memorable (Shanka and Taylor, 2 004). It also involves assisting the guests to visit the different parts of the country that they wish to tour in the course of the Olympics. Guest relations regarding the VIPs involve according them the appropriate treatment. It also involves conducting a survey before the event on the attendees to gather information on their expectations as well as conducting a survey in the course of the event to make adjustments in order to suit the event (Kawulich, 2005). The Olympic offers an opportunity to the sponsors to get publicity and marketing opportunity for their products and services. The sponsors should participate in giving the visitors a good experience by providing informative promotion messages that are creative and interesting to the visitors. Creative advertising and displays play a huge role in creating a memorable experience. Catering and vendor management The event organisers must take into consideration the aspects of catering for the guest’s accommodation. The most prominent vendor and is also a sponsor of the event is the McDonalds (Jago and Royal, 1998). The event management team must consider cases of the VIPS such as the Olympic organizing committees’ accommodation among other important guests (Mikolaitis and O’Toole, 2002). Quality of London Olympic Vendors will be verified by certifying and approving the vendors who shall operate within the vicinity of the event. This applies to food and beverage vendors. It is important to have a mechanism of validating the vendor by developing a code of conduct for vendors to ensure that they adhere to food safety and hygiene measures. This assists in ensuring that there is food safety and there are no disease outbreaks in the course of the event (Jago and Royal, 1998). Ticketing The other important aspect of consideration in the event management relates to the issuance of the tickets to the guests. The Olympic organising committee of the respective country usually sells the tickets of O lympics in other countries. It is expected that over nine million tickets would be sold for the London Olympics (London Organising Committee, 2012). Instituting appropriate ticket verification mechanisms will help the management to make the necessary arrangements as per the tickets booked for each game. For the athletic events ticket holders, they will receive free transport to the stadiums to ease congestion. There are events that will be free to everyone like the marathon and the mountain bike races (Robinson, 2010). Maintaining cleanliness throughout the event is also important. Instituting measures for garbage collection and damping of plastic waste is imperative in providing an experience of cleanliness to the visitors (McDonald, 1999). Conclusion The Olympic Games organisation is an opportunity to display the event’s organisation of a country. Making the London Olympic a success will be an honourable task for the event organisers. May they take the once a lifetime task with all the challenges it involves. References Allen, J., Harris, R., McDonnell, I. O’Toole, W. (2008) Festival special event management. Milton: John Wiley Sons Australia Ltd. Arcodia, C. Reid, S. (2002) The mission of event management associations. Vienna: Springer. Arcodia, C. Robb, A. (2000) A future for event management: taxonomy of event management terms. Sydney: Australian Centre for Event Management. Bartholomew, D. (2002) ‘Event Management: Hype or hope?’ Industry Week. 251 pp. 29. Baum, T. Lockstone, L. (2007) ‘Volunteers and mega sporting events: Developing a Research Framework’. International Journal of Event Management Research. 3 pp. 1. Beaven, Z. Laws, C. (2008) Never let me down again: Events and festivals. New York: Routledge. Compton, D., Ellis, G., Lee, J. Ralston, L. (2007) ‘Staging memorable events and festivals: An integrated model of service and experience factors’. International Journal of Event Managemen t Research. 3 pp. 24-38. Deery, M., Hede, A. Jago, L. (2002) ‘Special event research 1990-2001: Key trends and issues’. Paper presented at the Events Place Making: Event Research Conference. Sydney: University of Technology. Foley, P., Perry, M. Rumpf, P. (1996) ‘Events management: an emerging challenge in Australian higher education’. Festival Management Event Tourism. 4, pp. 85-93. Funke, J., Meusburger, P. Wunder, E. (2009) Milieus of creativity. Netherlands. Springer. Getz, D. (2007) Event studies. Oxford: Elsevier Ltd. Getz, D. (2000) Defining the field of event management.’ Event Management. 6 pp. 1-4. Getz, D. (1998) ‘Information sharing among festival managers’. Festival Management Event Tourism. 5 pp. 33-50. Getz, D. Wicks, B. (1994) ‘Professionalism and certification for festival and event practitioners: Trends and issues’. Festival Management Event Tourism. 2 pp. 103-109. Gilmore, J. Pine, B. (1998) †˜Welcome to the experience economy’. Harvard Business Review. 76 pp. 97-105. Gilmore, J. Pine, B. (1999) The experience economy: Work is theatre and every business a stage. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Gold, L (1958) ‘Roles in sociological field observations’. Social Forces. 36, pp. 217-223. Goldblatt, J. (2005) Special events: Event leadership for a new world. New Jersey: John Wiley and Sons. Goldblatt, J. (2000) A future for event management: The analysis of major trends impacting the emerging profession. Sydney: Australian Centre for Event Management. Goldblatt, J. (1997) Special events – best practices in modern event management. New York: John Wiley Sons. Graham, S. (2012) Olympics 2012 security: Welcome to lockdown London. London 2012 will see the UK’s biggest mobilisation of military and security forces since the second world war and the effects will linger long after the athletes have left. Web. Harris, R. Jago, L. (1999) †˜Event education and training in Australia: The current state of play,’ Australian Journal of Hospitality Management. 6 pp. 45-51. Haug, C. Teune, S. (2008) ‘Identifying deliberation in social movement assemblies: Challenges of comparative participant observation,’ Journal of Public Deliberation. 4 pp. 1-37. Hermes, B., Loos, P. Thomas, O. (2008) ‘Reference model-based event management,’ International Journal of Event Management Research. 4 pp. 38-57. Hiller, H. (1995) ‘Conventions as mega-events: A new model for convention-host city relationship,’ Tourism Management. 16 pp. 375-379. Higham, J. Hinch, T. (2001) ‘Sport tourism: a framework for research.’ International Journal of Tourism Research. 3 pp. 45-58. Jago, L. Royal, C. (1998) ‘Special event accreditation: The practitioners’ perspective’. Festival Management Event Tourism. 5, pp. 221-230. Jones, C. (2001) Mega-events and host-region impacts: Determining the true worth of the Olympics. New York: Sage Publication. Kawulich, B. (2005) ‘Participant observation as a data collection method’. Journal of Qualitative Social Research. 6 pp. 1-22. Kolaja, J. (2011) ‘A contribution to the theory of participant observation’. Social Forces. 35 pp. 159-163. Lee, C. (2005) ‘Korea’s destination image formed by the 2002 World Cup’. Annals of Tourism Research. 32 pp. 839-858. Lindlof, T. Taylor, B. (2002) Qualitative communication research methods. California: Thousand Oaks. London Organising Committee. (2012) Additional London 2012 ceremonies and sport tickets to go on sale. Web. Malhotra, D. (2002) ‘Successful event management’. Journal of Services Research. 2 pp. 179. McDonald, I. (1999) ‘Festival and special events management’. Sydney, Australia: Wiley and Sons. Mikolaitis, P. O’Toole, W. (2002) Corporate event project management. New York: John Wiley So ns Inc. Neale, M. (2000) ‘Time for a new school of thought on degrees’. Marketing Event. 1 pp. 7. Nelson, K. (2004) Sociological theories of career choice: A study of workers in the special events industry. Las Vegas: University of Nevada. O’Toole, W. (2000) Towards the integration of event management best practices by the project management process. Sydney: Australian Centre for Event Management. Parry, B. Shone, A. (2001) Successful event management. London: Continuum. Raj, R. (2008) Events management: An integrated and practical approach. London: Sage Publication. Robinson, G. (2010) Events management. Wallingford: CABI. Shanka, T. Taylor, R. (2004) ‘A correspondence analysis of sources of information used by festival visitors’. Tourism Analysis. 9 pp. 55-62. Schofield, P. Thompson, K. (2002) Towards a framework for the study of overseas visitors’ travel behaviour in cities. Vienna: Springer. Silvers, J. (2003) ‘Event management: P rofession or occupation’. Event Management. 9 pp. 185-198. Smith, K. (2008) ‘The information mix for events: A comparison of multiple channels used by event organisers and visitors’. International Journal of Event Management Research. 4 pp. 24-37. This essay on London Olympics 2012 was written and submitted by user Matilda Flores to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.